Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii "Ovidius" Constanţa. Seria Filologie

La poésie comme « Écart ». Quelques considérations sur la « Négativité » du discours poétique
Abstract: Our study is conceived as an analysis of the intentionality of poetic discourse. The first
hypothesis postulates the gratuitous nature of this type of discourse which would be deprived of sense
and constructed as the result of accident, of lack of logic. Thus, in this case the poetic discourse
would be independent from its receivers. On the other hand, Jakobson and the Russian formalists
considered that the poetic discourse is an organized structure of the verbal material, meant for a
specific public and which has as a unique purpose its own functioning. Poetical writing is
characterized by semantic multiplicity, which is different from the common discursive logic; as a
result, this discourse demands from the reader a careful decoding. Another theory which has become,
in our opinion, a sort of linguistic cliché, is the definition of poetry as a gap, transgression or
systematic violation of the linguistic rules. Because of this refuse of norms and of the use of tropes,
the definition of the poetic discourse rather implies negative categories. However, our analysis will
prove that the apparent “negativity” of poetry can be, at the same time, productive, for example if it
contributes to create and emphasize the poetic style, the originality or the aesthetic value of a literary
work. Our conclusion is that the poetic discourse does not have a deconstructive aim in itself, but it is
meant to fascinate the audience and to bring about a certain poetic state, a state of grace which will
help the reader to decode the poem.
Key words: poetic discourse, intentionality, gap, negativity, poetic state.

Gender Exclusive Differences in Language Use
Abstract: We are surrounded in our everyday lives by powerful commonsense ideas about speech
which tell us that men and women communicate and use language in different ways. Nowadays, a
major topic in sociolinguistics is the connection between language and gender. Gender differences in
language use are of two types: gender-exclusive and gender-preferential, although some
sociolinguists claim that the former is a myth and there are no gender-exclusive differences between
the speech of men and women. The aim of this paper is to prove that these differences exist and that
they are specific to traditional societies. Phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical
differences will be discussed, it will be demonstrated that these gender differences really exist and
that they are influenced by social factors.

Key words: language, gender, gender exclusive differences, men, women.

Grammatik in der daf-lehrerausbildung
Abstract: Germanists all over the world have been interested over the past two decades in
establishing a structure and nature of the degree program of German as a Foreign Language. There
have been numerous scientists to claim many differences between a traditional Germanistik-study
program, the desired job profiles, but mainly for the main areas of this degree program.There has
been a gradually development in terms of specialized teaching aims for the main two GFL study
orientations. Specialists divide Germanistics into inland study courses and foreign study courses,
therefore it is just to divide GFL-studies according to the same pattern. Several universities in
German speaking countries offer German as a Foreign Language as undergraduate courses, Masters,
Distance Learning or further learning degrees. But these differ a great deal in terms of the subjects
even though most of them carry the same title. Furthermore they differ from GFL-degree programs
abroad. An explanation of there variety lies within distinguishable study aim.

Key words: German as a Foreign Language (GFL), GFL Grammar Teaching, GFL Study
Courses

Approaches to The “Model-Function” Relationship in Modern Linguistic Theories
Abstract: The analysis of human communication began, in the mid half of the last century through
a mechanicistic approach inspired by the mathematical theory of information transmission and it has
evolved into an interactionist analysis centered on the constructive value of face-to-face
communication. If in the first phase, the relationship “function of language” / “communicative
model” had in the case of expression the dyad “representation” / “transmission”, the interactionist
approach replaces it by the dyad “creativity” / “recursion”, this latest relationship being the
expression of a systemic vision on daily communication.

Key words: linguistic theories, functions of language, communicative model

Qui domine .. La langue ou l’identite ? Aspect psycholinguistique
Abstract: It is not Indeed easy to decide which one dominates the other: language or identity, but
from our findings and experiments that we performed we can say that language is one of the ways
that the individual uses to assert his identity. From a pedagogical point of view when it comes to
learn a foreign language, there could be some sort of rivalry between the foreign language and
mother tongue because of the identity. This invites both the learner as the teacher to find a
compromise by using the mother tongue to learn a foreign language. Knowing that in learning a
foreign language, our mother tongue is our guide who indicates us two main paths: a semantics path
and a morph-syntax path. The identity resists against any kind of interference of a foreign language
by suspicion of harming the original identity and personality of the individual.

Key words : language, identity, pedagogy, mother tongue, culture, psychology, linguistics

Considérations sur le langage médical populaire roumain
Abstract: In the recent years, we have been interested in the popular medical Romanian language
and we have done basic research in this field, reflected in our doctoral thesis which will be published
soon. There have been different sources, as we have intended to analyze the phenomenon both
synchronically (by relying on all the equipment including the Romanian dialectal features) and
diachronically (using the writings of doctors and of some Romanian or foreign intellectuals of the
18th and 19th centuries, which focused on the above-mentioned problem).
We have analyzed over 1100 popular and regional names of diseases, have added a large number
of verbs that have a close association with the "medical act" in the traditional society. Our intention
was also to notice the crossing of the medical language over its correspondent popular language in
order to see to what extent the neologisms have soaked in the popular medical practice. As a result of
the research work mentioned above, a whole series of observations appeared, most of them applying
to all medical and popular language, while, of course, others are specific only to the medical field.

Key words: medical language Romanian popular, ethnoiatry, dialect, beliefs, taboo language,
origine and names of deseases

L’image des femmes politiques sur les blogs personnels
Abstract: Our paper deals with the way political women use their personal blogs to build a
positive, confident, reliable image before the readers. We are interested in how they use this nonconventional
media to consolidate their status in the public sphere, how they establish the feed-back
with their readers and what is the impact of this feed-back on their public image.

Key words: women, politics, blog, ethos, discourse

Angela Carter Demystified: The Employment of The Gothic in Angela Carter's Fiction
Abstract: One of the interesting aspects of Angela Carter's fiction, which she has used since her
first novel Shadow Dance (1966), is the Gothic. Horrible castles, damsels in distress, dungeons,
disguises, and vampires are just some Gothic elements which permeate her work. Sadism and
Masochism are also elements in Gothic literature which govern the relationship between many of the
above-mentioned characters. Carter is particularly interested in how such relationships can be
dislocated and what they reveal about power structure in the modern society. In her late twentieth
century fiction, Carter critically demonstrates the reversal of values and identifications that occur via
the Gothic mode. Otherness, or to put it more precisely the relationship between self and other, takes
center stage in her work. Sexual transgression, dark desires, and fantastic deviance subvert the
restrictive orders of reason, utility and patriarchal morality.

Key words: Gothic literature, power structure, modern society, haunted mansion, otherness,
rebellion and liberation.

Romanian Anthroponymy Acknowledged in the Mediaeval Latin Documents Issued by the Romanian Chancelleries (13th – 15th century)
Abstract: This paper analyzes elements of Romanian anthroponymy acknowledged in the
mediaeval Latin documents issued by the Romanian Principalities chancelleries in 13th – 15th
century. The author discusses the word-formation, the chronology, the etymology and the spelling of
these lexemes.

Key words: Romanian language, mediaeval Latin, anthroponymy, spelling, chronology,
etymology

Hedging Opinion in Romanian Conversational Discourse: The Use Of Softeners
Abstract: This corpus-based paper addresses the use of softeners in Romanian conversational
discourse. It highlights two important interactional functions: (i) as devices for mitigating the
imposition of face-threatening acts; (ii) as markers of shared knowledge. When they serve the latter
function, softeners offer the addressee the opportunity to provide support, understanding, thus
showing that both speaker and addressee are on the same wavelength

Key words: conversation analysis, extreme case formulation, face-threatening act, positive
politeness, softener

Höflichkeitsstrategien zur reduzierung von gesichtsbedrohung
Abstract: Politeness involves consideration for others, adherence to the rules, but at the same
time avoidance of confrontation and conflict. The main purpose of the politeness strategies is to save
the public self-image and to mentain an harmonious balance in interactions in which face threatening
acts take place. This study focuses on FTAs and on politeness strategies that the german speaker use
to avoid giving offense by emphasizing a friendly behaviour (positive politeness) or by showing
deference (negative politeness).

Key words: politeness, FTA (face-threatening-act), positive politeness, negative politeness,
politeness strategie

Understanding the Utterances of NDA Cadets: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis
Abstract: The official language of the Indian Armed Forces is English. Otherwise Hindi connects
the officers and personnel from the different parts of India. As the cultural ethos of (wo) men-inuniform
is quite different from that of the civilian community, the dialect of their language repertoire
also varies. The language of the Armed Forces, which is an abounding site for a sociolinguistic
investigation, has received little attention from linguistic studies. In the present paper, I have tried to
analyze the ‘utterances’ of the cadets of National Defence Academy [NDA], Khadakwasla, Pune
(India). Based on the data collected during April 2004 to Oct 2007, the study explores the nature of
cadets’ use of language on the campus. The cadets’ language, popularly known as the 'NDA lingo' at
the Academy, exhibits a typical linguistic behavior of the Armed Forces. The register of the NDA
lingo– marked by the economy of language, deviation from the general conversational practices,
code-mixing, word blending and clipping, etc.,– reflects the cadets’ way of life: their regimental lives,
the relationship between senior and junior cadets, their socio-psychological make-up, play with
language, management of time, etc. Largely derived from English and partly from Hindi, the NDA
lingo is slightly unintelligible to outsiders. The First Term cadets take almost four to five months to
acquire a pragmatic competence of the lingo.

Key words: cadets, NDA lingo, Armed Forces register, semantics, code-mixing.

Autopoiesis.Textual procedures as User Guide to reading. Two paradigmatic cases: Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and André Breton’s Nadja
Abstract: The present paper deals with the binomial to read / to imagine and its taxinomic
definitions in various aesthetic paradigms. The point of departure is the discrimination between
mimetic and non-mimetic texts and the ways they are (semantically) tributary (or not) to the reference
world. The focus is on the idea that the conversion of signifiers and the negotiation of meaning are
guided by textual procedures. They act as operational instructions for the reader or, as I put it, a
User’s Guide to reading. The more elaborated they are, the more intense is the autotelism, the
narcissistic nature of a given text. The parameters of fictionalization are discussed contrastively using
two aesthetic paradigms (Realism and Surrealism) and their epitomic examples (Flaubert’s Madame
Bovary and, respectively, Breton’s Nadja). At the superficial narrative level, these texts actualize the
theme of love (licit or illicit, euphoric or deluded, real or specious etc.); in the profound semiotic
layers, these two entities are self-referenced. But, if the Realist work dissimulates its specularity, the
Surrealist text is ostentatiously self-reflexive; the Realist art creates possible possible worlds, while
the Surrealist doctrine is the recipe for the impossible possible worlds.

Key words: autopoiesis ; specularity;textual procedures ; User’s guide to reading; Realism;
Surrealism

Recurring Elements of The Macbeth Mythos
Abstract: This article starts off from a distinction between an Aristotelian and a semiotic
understanding of art to analyse the lines of continuity between a sourcetext and its adaptations. Thus,
it contrasts Shakespeare’s Macbeth to Ángel-Luis Pujante’s Spanish translation of the play, to
Welcome Msomi’s stage adaptation (uMabatha), and to two film adaptations by Akira Kurosawa
(Kumonos jô) and Billy Morrissette (Scotland, PA), to examine the persistence of the mythos (or
Aristotelian plot) in the adaptation process and question the extent to which the Shakespearean play
is still available if the sourcetext is effaced. It explores the mechanisms of repetition/reproduction and
difference/transformation of the adaptation process, and defends a relationship of cultural codependency
between sourcetext and adaptation.

Key words: Shakespeare, Macbeth, Adaptation, Translation, Performance, Film

Loin De Medine D’Assia Djebar La figure de Fatima ou Antigone musulmane
Abstract: Assia Djebar is one of the well-known French expression Algerian writers, a member
of the French Academy and three times Nobel Literature nominee. In her novels, she represents the
voice of the Muslim woman. In our study, we propose an analysis of the figure of Fatima, the
favorite daughter of Prophet Mohamed, as she appears in the Assia Djebar`s novel Loin de Médine
(Far from Medina). We want to emphasize the resemblance of this important Muslim feminine
figure to the tragically antique character of Antigone. The role of Fatima is more important than
being the daughter of the third Prophet of a monotheistic religion as she proves herself the
spokeswoman for all Muslim women, defending their statute in a patriarchal state.

Key words: Muslim, woman, antique, character.

(Il)Legitimate Appendages: The Case of Psalmanazar’s Prefaces
Abstract: In 1704, George Psalmanazar, a supposed native of the island of Formosa, added his
own fabulous construction of another world to an England which was already abundant in fictitious
travel accounts. Written 60 years later, Psalmanazar’s own Memoirs did not manage to cast a clear
light on the author’s inauthentic discourse. The problematic of legitimacy in relation to historical
writings and works of fiction turned into a debatable cultural issue during the European eighteenth
century. The great libraries and collections of manuscripts set up by Cotton or Pepys in the
seventeenth century were later to be taken on by eighteenth-century scholars, whose job was to assess
and legitimate their value. Psalmanazar’s fictitious account passed for a true description of Formosa
after it had promoted textual and visual appendages to legitimate the authorial voice. The present
article will look at the methods Psalmanazar used to legitimate both the authorial practices and the
cultural and literary background against which eighteenth-century outstanding writers, such as
Goldsmith and Swift, used Psalmanazar as a source of legitimate inspiration for their writings.

Key words: fictitious travel accounts, cultural legitimacy, paratextual schemes, authorial
prefaces, authenticity, historical documents.

Bound East for Exile: The Case of Claude-Alexandre Bonneval alias Ahmet Pasha
Abstract: Count Claude-Alexandre de Bonneval (1675-1747), turned, after conversion to Islam,
Ahmet Pasha, is an exciting case of self-assumed exile with imbroglios involving the big powers of the
day (Venice, Austria, Turkey, France) in the background. The politico-diplomatic and military
components of these relations were far from alien to his personal life and public career. His
(spurious) Memoirs do not simply raise auctorial doubts. They host material of genuine interest for
the analyst of cultural identity/ies and of the imagological threads that go into their making. This
paper deals with the long symbolic exile experienced by an exciting character subject to public
metamorphoses. It also looks into the everyday observed by his interested eye spying customs, values,
protocols and practices of the Western and Eastern cultures in which he lived.

Key words: exile, nostalgia, Occidental, Oriental, memoirs, chroniques scandaleuses,
fabulations, acculturation, anecdotes

Miss Jones Meets Mr Darcy: Twentieth-Century Avatars of Jane Austen’s Protagonists in Bridget Jones’s Diary
Abstract: Jane Austen’s work has inspired an impressive number of intertextual projects, few of
which have generated as many controversies as Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones’s Diary and Bridget
Jones: The Edge of Reason. The present paper will neither engage in the debates concerning
Fielding’s allegiance to or betrayal of feminist ideals, nor discuss her novels’ questionable artistic
merits, but will focus instead on the intricate layers of intertextuality at work in the creation of the
two main protagonists. If as far as the two plots are concerned Fielding’s borrowings from Pride and
Prejudice and Persuasion are relatively straightforward, the portraits of Bridget Jones and Mark
Darcy are the result of quite complex fusions that go beyond Austen’s Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy
to comprise various other characters belonging to a wider array of texts. The analysis of the female
protagonist will refer in turn to all Austen’s novels and include parallels with her numerous heroines,
while the discussion of Fielding’s Mark Darcy will entail an incursion across media, including the
nineteenth-century original as well as its most famous film version in an attempt to reveal the
numerous levels of dialogic interaction established between the various texts.

Key words: adaptation; convention; dialogism; imperfection; intertextuality; romance

La problematique de la mort dans l’oeuvre de Jacques Chessex
Abstract: Whether in philosophy, science of religion or literature, the issue of death is still a topic
of interest nowadays for its depth and the multitude of meanings and interpretations attributed to it.
Regarded as a fact of life, as a challenge of life or as an end envisaged since birth, death seems to
hold that human existence is just a mere preamble to it. Philosophers and writers such as Confucius,
Henri Bergson, Martin Heidegger, Jean Paul Sartre, John Milton, or painters like Paul Gauguin,
Johann Heinrich Füssli, and Hieronymus Bosch have given many representations of death while
showing different views regarding this issue.
For the Swiss Romand writer Jacques Chessex (1934-2009) death represents the loss of the limits
imposed by the existence, even a possibility of being out of time, out of regret, remembrance and
memory, the end of an imperfect period which is life, the passage towards the Infinite. Death is seen
as absence and according to an idea borrowed from Jankélévitch it represents the infinite void of
eternity. But this absence is not the source of fear, but it rather brings the serenity of the mind / spirit.
The pain in death is in fact the suffering of others, all who remain alive, must accept the loss of
loved ones, becoming accustomed to the situation. There is also in Jacques Chessex’s works an
attitude of rebellion, but it is quickly drowned out by the consciousness of the original sin that casts
man into the arms of fate. A special case is that of suicide which in the vision of the writer constitutes
the only moment when man has the possibility to control his life, even if only for a few seconds.

Key words: Swiss literature, Jacques Chessex, death, suicide

Diary Pages in The Forbidden Forest. Mircea Eliade’s Detention in Miercurea Ciuc
Abstract: The novel The Forbidden Forest comprises the main themes in Mircea Eliade’s
literature, but at the same time it may be considered an attempt of re-writing the author’s past. The
exiled Mircea Eliade, haunted by the shadows of his former political beliefs, wants to renounce his
old identity and to build up a new existence outside Romania. He lends his main character, his alter
ego Ştefan Viziru, the key moments of his biography; one of the most significant episodes concerning
the concealment of his political convictions is represented by the incarceration in the legionary camp
in Miercurea Ciuc. If in Memoirs Mircea Eliade does not insist on this fragment of his past, he
chooses to reveal the ordeal he went through by means of this work of fiction, thus trying to
emphasize the main character’s and implicitly his own apolitical attitude. Ştefan Viziru eludes any
political involvement and is unfairly condemned, exactly as Mircea Eliade used to claim. If the
character may even be considered a victim of history, Mircea Eliade’s interest in the Legionary
Movement cannot be completely overlooked. Even if we disapprove of the articles written in favor or
the Iron Guard, in interpreting them we must take into consideration the fact that Mircea Eliade was
drawn to the mysticism of this Movement, whose leader advocated the spiritual revolution which can
be accomplished only by the new man, about whom Mircea Eliade had written on countless
occasions.

Key words: terror of history, literary transfiguration, legionary camp.